Modyul 1
Inilathala ng Inquiry ang una nitong ulat at rekomendasyon kasunod ng pagsisiyasat nito sa 'Resilience and preparedness (Module 1)' ng UK noong Huwebes 18 Hulyo 2024.
Sinusuri nito ang estado ng mga sentral na istruktura at pamamaraan ng UK para sa kahandaan, katatagan at pagtugon sa emerhensiya ng pandemya.
| # | Recommendation | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | A simplified structure for whole-system civil emergency preparedness and resilience |
Read the recommendation in fullAng mga pamahalaan ng UK, Scotland, Wales at Northern Ireland ay dapat na gawing simple at bawasan ng bawat isa ang bilang ng mga istrukturang may responsibilidad para sa paghahanda at pagbuo ng katatagan sa buong sistema ng mga emergency na sibil. Ang mga pangunahing istruktura ay dapat na:
Dapat itong ilagay sa lugar sa loob ng 12 buwan ng paglalathala ng Ulat na ito. Sa loob ng 6 na buwan ng paglikha ng grupo ng mga matataas na opisyal, dapat itong kumpletuhin ang isang pagsusuri upang pasimplehin at bawasan ang bilang ng mga istruktura na responsable para sa buong sistemang paghahanda at katatagan ng emerhensiya ng sibil. Kasunod nito, sa loob ng 24 na buwan ng paglalathala ng Ulat na ito, ang komite ng ministeryal ay dapat na mangatuwiran at mag-streamline ng mga subordinate o sumusuporta sa mga grupo at komite na responsable para sa buong sistemang sibil na paghahanda at katatagan sa emerhensiya. Anumang mga grupo at komite na pinanatili o nilikha upang suportahan ang pangunahing istrukturang ito ay dapat magkaroon ng malinaw na layunin at dapat na regular na mag-ulat tungkol sa pag-unlad sa, at pagkumpleto ng, mga gawaing itinalaga sa kanila. |
| 2 | Cabinet Office leadership for whole-system civil emergencies in the UK |
Read the recommendation in fullAng gobyerno ng UK ay dapat:
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| 3 | A better approach to risk assessment |
Read the recommendation in fullAng gobyerno ng UK at mga devolved na administrasyon ay dapat magtulungan sa pagbuo ng isang bagong diskarte sa pagtatasa ng panganib na lumalayo mula sa pag-asa sa isang makatwirang sitwasyong pinakamasama tungo sa isang diskarte na:
Sa paggawa nito, ang gobyerno ng UK at mga devolved na administrasyon ay dapat magsagawa ng mga pagtatasa ng panganib na sumasalamin sa mga pangyayari at katangian partikular sa England, Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland at UK sa kabuuan. |
| 4 | A UK-wide whole-system civil emergency strategy |
Read the recommendation in fullAng gobyerno ng UK at mga devolved na administrasyon ay dapat magkasamang magpakilala ng isang buong sistema ng UK na diskarte sa emerhensiyang sibil (na kinabibilangan ng mga pandemya) upang maiwasan ang bawat emerhensiya at gayundin upang bawasan, kontrolin at pagaanin ang mga epekto nito. Bilang pinakamababa, ang diskarte ay dapat:
Ang diskarte ay dapat na sumailalim sa isang substantibong muling pagtatasa kahit man lang bawat tatlong taon upang matiyak na ito ay napapanahon at epektibo, kasama ang mga aral na natutunan sa pagitan ng mga muling pagtatasa. |
| 5 | Data and research for future pandemics |
Read the recommendation in fullAng gobyerno ng UK, na nakikipagtulungan sa mga devolved na administrasyon, ay dapat magtatag ng mga mekanismo para sa napapanahong pagkolekta, pagsusuri, secure na pagbabahagi at paggamit ng maaasahang data para sa pagpapaalam sa mga tugon sa emerhensiya, bago ang mga pandemya sa hinaharap. Ang mga sistema ng data ay dapat na masuri sa mga pagsasanay sa pandemya. Ang gobyerno ng UK ay dapat ding magkomisyon ng mas malawak na hanay ng mga proyektong pananaliksik na handang magsimula sa kaganapan ng isang pandemya sa hinaharap. Ang mga ito ay maaaring 'hibernated' na mga pag-aaral o mga kasalukuyang pag-aaral na idinisenyo upang mabilis na maiangkop sa isang bagong pagsiklab. Ang mas mahusay na pakikipagtulungan sa mga internasyonal na kasosyo ay dapat hikayatin. Dapat itong magsama ng mga proyekto sa:
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| 6 | A regular UK-wide pandemic response exercise |
Read the recommendation in fullAng gobyerno ng UK at ang mga devolved na administrasyon ay dapat magkasamang magsagawa ng isang pagsasanay sa pagtugon sa pandemya sa buong UK nang hindi bababa sa bawat tatlong taon. Ang ehersisyo ay dapat:
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| 7 | Publication of findings and lessons from civil emergency exercises |
Read the recommendation in fullPara sa lahat ng pagsasanay sa emerhensiyang sibil, ang mga pamahalaan ng UK, Scotland, Wales at Northern Ireland ay dapat bawat isa (maliban kung may mga dahilan ng pambansang seguridad para sa hindi paggawa nito):
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| 8 | Published reports on whole-system civil emergency preparedness and resilience |
Read the recommendation in fullAng mga pamahalaan ng UK, Scotland, Wales at Northern Ireland ay dapat gumawa at mag-publish ng mga ulat sa kani-kanilang mga lehislatura kahit man lang kada tatlong taon sa buong sistemang paghahanda at katatagan ng emerhensiya ng sibil. Ang mga ulat ay dapat na may pinakamababang:
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| 9 | Regular use of red teams |
Read the recommendation in fullAng mga pamahalaan ng UK, Scotland, Wales at Northern Ireland ay dapat na ipakilala ang bawat isa sa paggamit ng mga pulang koponan sa Serbisyong Sibil upang suriin at hamunin ang mga prinsipyo, ebidensya, mga patakaran at payo na may kaugnayan sa kahandaan para sa at katatagan sa buong sistema ng mga emergency na sibil. Ang mga pulang koponan ay dapat dalhin mula sa labas ng gobyerno at ng Serbisyo Sibil. |
| 10 | A UK-wide independent statutory body for whole-system civil emergency preparedness and resilience |
Read the recommendation in fullAng gobyerno ng UK ay dapat, sa konsultasyon sa mga devolved na administrasyon, na lumikha ng isang independiyenteng katawan ayon sa batas para sa buong sistemang paghahanda at katatagan ng sibil na emergency. Ang bagong katawan ay dapat bigyan ng responsibilidad para sa:
Bilang pansamantalang panukala, ang bagong katawan ay dapat na itatag sa isang hindi ayon sa batas na batayan sa loob ng 12 buwan ng Ulat na ito, nang sa gayon ay masimulan nito ang trabaho bago maipasa ang batas. |
Natanggap ng Inquiry ang mga sumusunod na tugon sa ulat ng Module 1 tungkol sa katatagan at kahandaan ng United Kingdom:
- Pamahalaan ng UK, natanggap noong 16 Enero 2025
- Pamahalaang Scottish, natanggap noong 16 Enero 2025
- Pamahalaang Welsh, natanggap noong 16 Enero 2025
- Northern Ireland Executive, natanggap noong 16 Enero 2025
Sumulat ang Tagapangulo sa lahat ng pamahalaan pagkatapos matanggap ang kanilang mga tugon sa ulat ng Module 1:
- Liham mula sa Tagapangulo sa Pamahalaan ng UK, ipinadala noong Marso 19, 2025
- Liham mula sa Tagapangulo sa Pamahalaang Scottish, ipinadala noong Marso 19, 2025
- Liham mula sa Tagapangulo sa Pamahalaang Welsh, ipinadala noong Marso 19, 2025
- Liham mula sa Tagapangulo sa Northern Ireland Executive, ipinadala noong Marso 19, 2025
Modyul 2
The Inquiry published its second report and recommendations following its investigation into the UK’s ‘Core decision-making and political governance (Module 2, 2A, 2B, 2C)’ on Thursday 20 November 2025.
It examines the initial response, central government decision making, political and civil service performance as well as the effectiveness of relationships with governments in the devolved administrations and local and voluntary sectors.
| # | Recommendation | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Chief Medical Officer for Northern Ireland |
Read the recommendation in fullThe Department of Health (Northern Ireland) should reconstitute the role of the Chief Medical Officer for Northern Ireland as an independent advisory role. The Chief Medical Officer for Northern Ireland should not have managerial responsibilities within the Department of Health (Northern Ireland). |
| 2 |
Attendance of the devolved administrations at SAGE meetings |
Read the recommendation in fullThe Government Office for Science (GO-Science) should invite the governments of Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland to nominate a small number of representatives to attend meetings of the Scientific Advisory Group for Emergencies (SAGE) from the outset of any future emergency. The status of those representatives as either ‘participant’ or ‘observer’ should depend upon their expertise and should be a matter for SAGE to determine. |
| 3 | Register of experts |
Read the recommendation in fullThe Government Office for Science (GO-Science) should develop and maintain a register of experts across the four nations of the UK who would be willing to participate in scientific advisory groups, covering a broad range of potential civil emergencies. |
| 4 |
Publication of technical advice |
Read the recommendation in fullDuring a whole-system civil emergency, the UK government and devolved administrations should each routinely publish technical advice on scientific, economic and social matters at the earliest opportunity, as well as the minutes of expert advisory groups – except where there are good reasons that prevent publication, such as commercial confidentiality, personal safety or national security, or because legal advice privilege applies. |
| 5 |
Support to participants in advisory groups |
Read the recommendation in fullThe Government Office for Science (GO-Science), the Scottish Government, the Welsh Government and the Department of Health (Northern Ireland) should each develop standard terms of appointment for all participants in scientific advisory groups. These terms should include:
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| 6 |
Implementing a socio-economic duty |
Read the recommendation in fullThe UK government should bring into force in England section 1 of the Equality Act 2010, implementing the socio-economic duty. The Northern Ireland Assembly and Northern Ireland Executive should consider an equivalent provision within section 75 of the Northern Ireland Act 1998. |
| 7 |
Placing child rights impact assessments on a statutory footing |
Read the recommendation in fullThe UK government should introduce legislation to place child rights impact assessments on a statutory footing in England. The Northern Ireland Executive should consider an equivalent provision. |
| 8 |
A framework for considering those at risk in an emergency |
Read the recommendation in fullThe UK government, Scottish Government, Welsh Government and Northern Ireland Executive should each agree a framework that identifies people who would be most at risk of becoming infected by and dying from a disease and those who are most likely to be negatively impacted by any steps taken to respond to a future pandemic. The framework should set out the specific steps that could be taken to mitigate the risks to these people. Equality impact assessments should form part of this framework. Where they cannot be undertaken in a national crisis, they should be reinstated as soon as possible. Each government should agree and publish in its response to this Report how it will ensure that this framework is embedded into emergency decision-making and who will be responsible for ensuring these issues remain under consideration throughout a national crisis. |
| 9 |
Delegated powers in Northern Ireland in an emergency |
Read the recommendation in fullThe Northern Ireland Executive and UK government (in consultation with the Irish government where necessary) should review the structures and delegated powers of government in Northern Ireland to consider:
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| 10 |
Civil emergency decision-making structures |
Read the recommendation in fullThe UK government and devolved administrations should set out in future pandemic preparedness strategies (see the Inquiry’s Module 1 Report, Recommendation 4) how decision-making will work in a future pandemic. This should include provision for COBR to be used as the initial response structure and set out how the UK government and devolved administrations will transition from managing a pandemic through COBR to managing it through separate arrangements in each nation when it becomes clear that the emergency will be longer-term. It should include provision for longer-term decision-making structures in the UK government which consist of:
The design of these structures should include an outline of decision-making procedures for each group. The strategy should make express provision for the involvement of the UK Cabinet in the decision-making of the strategy and operational groups. It should also provide that longer-term decision-making should be conducted primarily by the UK, Scottish and Welsh Cabinets and the Northern Ireland Executive. Decision-making groups in each nation should include a minister with responsibility for representing the interests of vulnerable groups. In the UK government, the Minister for Women and Equalities may be the most appropriate minister in this regard. |
| 11 |
Contingency arrangements for key individuals |
Read the recommendation in fullThe UK government and the devolved administrations should each establish formal arrangements for covering the roles of Prime Minister and First Minister (and in Northern Ireland, deputy First Minister) as applicable during a whole-system civil emergency, should the incumbent be unable to undertake their duties for any reason. |
| 12 |
Taskforces |
Read the recommendation in fullThe response to a future whole-system civil emergency should be coordinated via central taskforces in each of the UK, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland, with responsibility for the commissioning and synthesis of advice, coordination of a single data picture and facilitation of decision-making processes. In preparation, the UK government and the devolved administrations should each design the operating procedures for these taskforces, including, but not limited to, identifying the key roles needed to run the taskforces and how those roles would be appointed. The UK government should also identify the role of its taskforce in supporting decision-making procedures within the strategy and operational decision-making structures. These arrangements should be incorporated into future pandemic preparedness strategies (see the Inquiry’s Module 1 Report, Recommendation 4). |
| 13 |
Amendment of the Ministerial Code in Northern Ireland |
Read the recommendation in fullThe Executive Office should amend the Ministerial Code to impose a duty of confidentiality on ministers that prohibits the disclosure of the individual views of ministers expressed during meetings of the Northern Ireland Executive Committee. |
| 14 |
Plans for accessible communications |
Read the recommendation in fullThe UK government and the devolved administrations should each develop action plans for how government communications will be made more accessible during a pandemic. As a minimum, these should include making provision for the translation of government press conferences into British Sign Language (and Irish Sign Language in Northern Ireland) and the translation of key announcements into the most frequently spoken languages in the UK. |
| 15 |
Scrutiny of emergency powers |
Read the recommendation in fullThe UK government and devolved administrations should ensure that the draft affirmative procedure is the standard process for enacting substantial and wide- ranging powers in a civil emergency, such as a pandemic, under primary public health legislation. Any departure from this procedure should be the exception, with clear criteria and safeguards in place to prevent the bypassing of parliamentary scrutiny. These safeguards should include:
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| 16 |
Review the applicability of the Civil Contingencies Act 2004 for future civil emergencies |
Read the recommendation in fullThe UK government should undertake a review of the Civil Contingencies Act 2004 to assess its potential role in managing future civil emergencies, including pandemics, and whether it could be employed as an interim emergency framework until more specific legislation with appropriate parliamentary safeguards is passed. The review should:
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| 17 |
A central repository for restrictions and guidance |
Read the recommendation in fullThe UK government, Scottish Government, Welsh Government and Northern Ireland Executive should develop an online portal for use in future civil emergencies, where members of the public can access information on the legal restrictions that apply in their area and any associated guidance. This portal should be easily accessible and its content should be written in straightforward and unambiguous language. |
| 18 |
Attendance at meetings of COBR by representatives of the devolved administrations |
Read the recommendation in fullThe UK government should invite the devolved administrations, as a matter of standard practice, to nominate relevant ministers and officials to attend COBR meetings in the event of relevant whole-system civil emergencies that have the potential to have UK-wide effects. |
| 19 |
Intergovernmental structure and relations |
Read the recommendation in fullWhile intergovernmental relations should be facilitated through COBR in the initial months of any future pandemic, the UK government and devolved administrations should ensure that a specific four-nations structure, concerning pandemic response, is stood up at the same time as the transition away from COBR to nation-specific decision-making structures. This should meet regularly during a pandemic and be attended by all heads of government. Arrangements for these four-nations meetings should be incorporated into future pandemic preparedness strategies (see the Inquiry’s Module 1 Report, Recommendation 4). |
The Inquiry has not yet received any responses to the Module 2 report on decision-making.
Monitoring of Inquiry Recommendations
Inaasahan ng Tagapangulo na ang lahat ng tinatanggap na rekomendasyon ay aaksyunan at ipinatupad sa isang napapanahong paraan.
Sa interes ng transparency at pagiging bukas, hinihiling ng Inquiry na ang institusyong responsable para sa bawat rekomendasyon ay mag-publish ng mga hakbang na kanilang gagawin bilang tugon at ang timetable para sa paggawa nito.
Maliban kung iba ang nakasaad, dapat gawin ito ng mga institusyon sa loob ng anim na buwan pagkatapos mailathala ang rekomendasyon. Ang Inquiry ay sumang-ayon sa isang panloob na proseso upang matiyak ang epektibong pagsubaybay sa mga rekomendasyon, na nakadetalye sa ibaba.
Susulat ang Inquiry sa institusyon na humihiling dito na i-publish ang tugon nito sa loob ng susunod na tatlong buwan.
Kung ang isang tugon ay hindi nai-publish, ang Inquiry ay magpapadala ng karagdagang liham na humihiling sa institusyon na mag-publish ng isang tugon sa lalong madaling panahon.
Kung hindi nai-publish ang isang tugon, magpapadala ang Inquiry ng ikatlong liham na nagsasaad ng pagkabigo ng Inquiry na hindi pa nai-publish ng institusyon ang tugon nito. Ipapahayag ng Inquiry sa publiko na sumulat ito sa institusyon.
If a response has not been published, the Inquiry will request that the institution sets out their reasons for not having done so. The Inquiry will publicly state that it has requested this information and the response received will be published on the Inquiry’s website.
The UK Government and devolved administrations will publish updates detailing their progress in implementing the Inquiry’s recommendations on a twice-yearly basis. These updates will be published every May and November, commencing in November 2026. Each update will include progress across all modules that have reported, provided that a minimum of five months has passed between the initial Government response deadline and the next scheduled May/November cycle.